35. The oral region and pharynx

Optional Reading Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 7th ed., Nose section through Transillumination of sinuses; The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 11th ed., Development of nasal cavities section thorough Postnatal development of paranasal sinuses. The nose The nose is the portion of the respiratory tract above the palate. It consists of two parts: an external nose on […]

34. Nose, nasal cavities, and paranasal sinuses

Optional Reading Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 7th ed., Nose section through Transillumination of sinuses; The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 11th ed., Development of nasal cavities section thorough Postnatal development of paranasal sinuses. The nose The nose is the portion of the respiratory tract above the palate. It consists of two parts: an external nose on […]

Prenatal and postnatal circulation 

Prenatal circulation Oxygenated blood reaches the fetus from the placenta via the umbilical vein (within the umbilical cord). Once in the fetus, the umbilical vein reaches the liver by passing through the falciform ligament. Much of this blood bypasses the liver through the ductus venosus. Oxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the inferior vena […]

31. Development of urinary organs

Optional Reading The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 11th ed., Development of urinary system section through Development of suprarenal glands. The urinary and reproductive (genital) systems have several features in common and are sometimes considered together as the uro-genital system. Most shared features are developmental in nature: Both the kidneys and the gonads arise from […]

30. Urinary organs of the retroperitoneum and pelvis

Optional Reading Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 8th ed., Diaphragm section through Clinical box: Diaphragm, kidneys, ureters, and suprarenal glands section through Clinical box: Kidneys, ureters, and suprarenal glands. Would a review be helpful? Kidneys Receive ~20% of cardiac output, and is in a key position for regulating blood pressure, the composition of body fluids, and acid-base […]