Crystalopathies and mimickers
Case study 1: Maksym Tap the arrow to view the case.Maksym, a 12-year-old boy with newly diagnosed high-grade B-cell lymphoma, is evaluated for severe nausea, colicky abdominal pain, and tea-colored urine that began overnight. He started combination chemotherapy 48 hours ago.Physical examination shows mild flank tenderness bilaterally. Laboratory studies reveal elevated creatinine and hyperuricemia. Urinalysis […]
MS1 Abdominal Exam
Neck fascia and triangles
Optional reading Moore, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 9th ed., Fascia of neck section through Surface anatomy of cervical regions and triangles of neck. Surface features and landmarks The anterior neck (“neck proper” or cervix): Extends from the inferior border of the mandible superiorly to the clavicles and sternum inferiorly. The posterior neck (nucha or “nape”): Extends […]
Final Thoughts: Extreme Weather Hazards
In this module, we explored how extreme weather events—supercharged by climate change—translate into profound challenges for public health. You learned how heavy storms and floods can injure and kill in the blink of an eye, set off domino effects like disease outbreaks (e.g., post-hurricane infections), and disrupt healthcare systems. We saw that droughts can be […]
Vulnerability and Preparedness: The Human Factor
Throughout this module, a recurring theme is that not everyone is affected equally when extreme weather strikes. Vulnerable populations bear a disproportionate share of the harm. These vulnerable groups include: Low-income and resource-limited communities Disasters tend to hit hardest in poorer neighborhoods or regions. These communities may live in higher-risk areas (floodplains, sub-standard housing, and drought-prone rural areas) […]
Droughts and Extreme Heat Waves
A farm family walks through a Dust Bowl dust storm in Oklahoma, 1936. The 1930s Dust Bowl drought turned vast areas of the Great Plains into a “dust desert,” causing crop failure, mass migration, and illnesses like “dust pneumonia.” If floods are the dramatic deluge, droughts are the slow-burning disaster. Drought means an abnormally long period of […]
Face and parotid gland
Optional reading Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 9th ed., Head chapter, Face and scalp section through Surface anatomy of face; Parotid and temporal regions, infratemporal fossa, and temporomandibular joint section through Infratemporal fossa. The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 12th ed., Development of salivary glands section through Atresia of the nasolacrimal duct. The face is the anterior part […]
Scalp and cranial cavity
Optional reading Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 9th ed., Head chapter, Internal surface of cranial base section through Posterior cranial fossa; Face and scalp section through Lymphatic drainage of face and scalp; Cranial meninges section through Arachnoid mater and pia mater; Cerebral arterial circle section and Venous drainage of brain section. Scalp The scalp covers the skull and […]
Neuroanatomy lab knowledge checks
Station 1. Meninges and ventricles Ventricles Interactive 1 On a mid-sagittal image, label the parts of ventricular systems highlighted in blue: 3rd ventricle 4th ventricle cerebral aqueduct lateral ventricle (Tap to open; use your Apple Pencil to draw) Labeled image Interactive 2 What do each of the yellow lines indicate on this T2-grayscale inverted […]
Neuroanatomy lab introduction
Neuroanatomy provides the essential framework for understanding the principles of neurology. This lab is designed to help you build that foundation through hands-on exploration and clinical application. Key focus areas Topographic anatomy Ventricular system, cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum Three-dimensional relationships Ventricular system and its connections to cerebral and brain stem structures Clinical imaging […]