Scalp and cranial cavity

Optional reading Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 9th ed., Head chapter, Internal surface of cranial base section through Posterior cranial fossa; Face and scalp section through Lymphatic drainage of face and scalp; Cranial meninges section through Arachnoid mater and pia mater; Cerebral arterial circle section and Venous drainage of brain section. Scalp The scalp covers the skull and […]

Host-pathogen interactions

High-yield summary Core concept Host-pathogen interactions determine infection outcomes: clearance, persistence, latency, or disease. Immune responses are tailored to pathogen type Pathogens evolve mechanisms to evade immunity.   Extracellular bacteria Innate Response Complement activation (Alternative and lectin pathways) Phagocytosis via PRRs, Fc receptors, complement receptors Inflammatory cytokines: IL-1, TNF, IL-6 Adaptive Response Antibodies: Opsonization, toxin neutralization CD4+ […]

Herpes virus

High-yield summary   Overview of Herpesviruses (HHV 1–8) Virus Common Name Latency Site Key Diseases HHV-1 HSV-1 Trigeminal ganglia Oral herpes, encephalitis HHV-2 HSV-2 Sacral ganglia Genital herpes, neonatal HSV HHV-3 VZV Dorsal root ganglia Chickenpox, shingles HHV-4 EBV B cells Mono, Burkitt lymphoma, NPC HHV-5 CMV Monocytes Mono-like illness, congenital CMV HHV-6/7 Roseolovirus T […]