Cohorts: cohort-2028

Measuring intervals and voltage

https://youtu.be/FO-TR3V5Pk8 In this video (scrub through the video to see chapters) 00:12 Measuring intervals and voltages 00:32 Standard ECG Calibration 02:55 RR Interval 05:24 PR Interval 06:17 QRS Duration 10:08 QT Interval 13:48 Now let’s measure some voltages!

Normal sinus rhythm

https://youtu.be/QUHXcqWGQt0 In this video (scrub through the video to see chapters) 00:09 Normal sinus rhythm 01:03 Conduction through the heart during normal sinus rhythm 08:21 Think of heart rhythm as a relay race 10:50 Gap junctions: How cardiac cells communicate electrically 11:05 Systematic approach to interpreting the ECG 12:24 Five criteria for normal sinus rhythm 21:06 Two common misconceptions 22:12 References

Understanding the ECG

https://youtu.be/rynLo_vOW3U In this video (scrub through the video to see chapters) 00:37 Understanding the ECG—the electrical activity in the cell 03:22 The normal conduction pathway through the heart 06:06 The vectors for the different ECG leads 08:55 Setting up a grid system to map the ECG vectors 13:52 The depolarization wavefront through the heart 20:10 Repolarization through the heart 24:19 References

Ordering the ECG

https://youtu.be/qw6IgTgK7Ss In this video (scrub through the video to see chapters) 00:09 Ordering the ECG—indications to perform an ECG 06:18 Cost of an ECG 07:18 Ambulatory ECG monitoring and exercise testing

Endocrine high-yield handouts

Adrenal medulla pheochromocytoma Benign thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Hypopituitarism Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism Multiple endocrine neoplasia and autoimmune polyglandular syndrome Osteoporosis Pituitary overproduction Thyroid hormone production Thyroid lab testing Vitamin D and metabolic bone disease

Multiple endocrine neoplasia and autoimmune polyglandular syndrome

Pre-session optional video Osmosis: Multiple endocrine neoplasia (~11 min.) High-yield handouts

Endocrine session guides

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Pre-session optional video YouTube: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Etiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Treatment (~5 min.) High-yield handouts

Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis

Pre-session mandatory viewing Additional detailed videos Osmosis: Puberty and Tanner staging (~8 min.) Osmosis: Androgen insensitivity syndrome (~9 min.) Osmosis: 5-alpha-reductase deficiency (~7 min.) High-yield handouts

Endocrine System

Welcome to the Endocrine System! This is the first system you’ll study in your second year, and it plays a foundational role in setting the stage for what comes next. The endocrine system regulates nearly every aspect of human physiology—from growth and metabolism to stress responses, reproduction, and homeostasis. As such, it provides a critical […]