10. Arm, forearm, and elbow
In this chapter Optional Reading Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 8th ed., Chapter 3: Arm and Forearm sections.
9. Axilla and brachial plexus
Optional Reading Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 8th ed., Axilla section through Brachial plexus block. Definition and boundaries Figure 9.1 CLINICALLY ORIENTED ANATOMY, 7TH ED., FIGURE 6.3. The axilla is the pyramid-shaped region between the lateral wall of the thorax and the medial border of the arm. It is the conduit through which nerves, blood vessels, and […]
7. The shoulder region
Optional Reading Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 8th ed., Comparison of upper and lower limbs section through Humerus, pectoral and scapular regions section through Subscapularis, Joints of upper limb section through Ligaments of elbow joint. The shoulder is both a region of the body, where the free upper limb attaches to the trunk, and a ball-and-socket type […]
6. Introduction to the limbs
Optional Reading Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 8th ed., Terms of movement section, Joints section, and Overview of upper limb section through The bottom line: Fascia, efferent vessels, cutaneous innervation, and myotomes of upper limbs; The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 11th ed., chapter 16. Comparing the upper and lower limbs: Mobility vs. stability Although the two […]
16. Descent of the gonads
Optional Reading The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 11th ed., Development of Inguinal Canals section through Summary of Urogenital System. Introduction Figure 16.1 The gonads are the organs that produce gametes (reproductive cells). In the female the gonads are the ovaries. They produce oocytes (ova). The male gonads are testes. They produce sperm. The gonads […]
15. Anterior/lateral abdominal wall and inguinal region
Optional Reading Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 8th ed., Overview: Walls, Cavities, Regions, and Planes section through Table 5.4. Arteries of Anterolateral Abdominal Wall; Inguinal Region section through Epididymis section. On to the abdomen! The abdomen is the part of the trunk situated between the thorax above and pelvis below. On the surface of the body, the […]
4. Principles of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Optional Reading Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 8th ed., Autonomic nervous system (ANS) section through Table 1.2: Functions of autonomic nervous system (ANS). Fundamentals of the ANS Recall that the somatic division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) supplies the body wall and limbs = things we have conscious control over (skeletal muscles) and conscious perception of […]
14. The mediastinum
Optional Reading Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 8th ed., Overview of mediastinum, Superior mediastinum and great vessels section through Surface anatomy of heart and mediastinal viscera. Overview of mediastinum The mediastinum is the mass of tissue between the two pleural sacs. It essentially contains all the internal organs of the thorax, except for the lungs and pleural […]
32. Development of the heart
In this chapter Optional Reading The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10th ed., chapter 13. Development of the heart and great vessels Let’s make a heart! During the 3rd week, clusters of cells derived from splanchnic mesoderm assemble in a horseshoe-shaped cord of tissue located cranial and lateral to the developing neural plate. This is […]
Fate of the aortic arches and asymmetry of the recurrent laryngeal nervesÂ
Fate of the aortic arches (arteries) Five sets of aortic arches (1, 2, 3, 4, and 6) connect the aortic sac to the dorsal aortae. The aortic arches course into the neck and pass through swellings of mesenchyme called pharyngeal arches. The 5th pharyngeal arch disappears, so it has no aortic arch. The arteries of […]