Pediatrics style guide

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Headshot of Chris Anderson, Vice Chair, Pediatrics
Chris Anderson
Vice Chair, Pediatrics
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Table of Contents

These are in alphabetical order since every page doesn’t have every header.

Assessing severity (set as sidebar, but keep in TOC)

Clinical features/symptoms

Differential diagnosis

Diagnosis

Imaging

Monitoring

Potential complications

Prognosis and long-term follow-up

References

Treatment/Management

Clinical implications and key takeaways

Conclusion

Definitions (set as sidebar but keep in TOC)

Epidemiology

Etiology

Important components of initial history (set as sidebar but keep in TOC) (see below for sidebars)

Parental support and education (set as sidebar and keep in TOC)

Pathogenesis and pathophysiology

Pathophysiology

Prevention

Risk factors

Symptoms (see clinical features)

Work-up

sidebar if you want it to look like a button

sidebar text

sidebar if the header needs to be in the TOC (needs to be auto active for accessibility reasons)

accordion (toggle) if you want to run sub-widgets in it

texty text

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Potential complications

Bulleted list option (From Sood Globals. Change Style to be on top line and adjust vertical position to 8). Used for Potential Complications, if simple statements.

  • Texty text

Used as a comparison chart

Low-risk BRUE
An infant is considered to be at low risk if they meet the following criteria:
  • The infant is older than 60 days.
  • The infant’s gestational age at birth was ≥ 32 weeks and postconceptional age ≥ is 45 weeks.
  • The event is isolated (only one in the past 24hr) and brief (<1 minute), and the infant returns to baseline quickly.
  • No CPR by a trained medical provider was required.
  • There is no concerning history such as recent fever, domestic violence in the home, or family history of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), seizures, or cardiac arrhythmias.
  • There are no concerning findings on physical exam, such as fever, cyanosis, bruising, choking, or abnormal tone.
High-risk BRUE
High-risk infants may be more likely to have a serious underlying condition, and they require further evaluation. High-risk characteristics include:
  • Age ≤ 60 days.
  • Preterm birth (less than 32 weeks gestation) or low birth weight.
  • The event is prolonged (>1 minute) or recurrent.
  • The infant has a significant underlying medical condition (e.g., congenital heart disease, metabolic disorders, neurological disorders).
  • There are concerning findings on the physical exam, such as fever, poor feeding, or sepsis signs.
  • A family history of SIDS, seizures, or cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Required CPR from trained medical provider.

References and resources

References
  1. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). (2016). Evaluation and management of apparent life-threatening events in infants and children. Pediatrics, 137(5), e20160464.
  2. Pediatrics (2017). Epidemiology of brief resolved unexplained events in infants: A population-based study. Pediatrics, 139(4), e20162968.
  3. Nama N, DeLaroche AM, Neuman MI, Mittal MK, Herman BE, Hochreiter D, Kaplan RL, Stephans A, Tieder JS. Epidemiology of brief resolved unexplained events and impact of clinical practice guidelines in general and pediatric emergency departments. Acad Emerg Med. 2024 Jul;31(7):667–674. doi: 10.1111/acem.14881. Epub 2024 Mar 1. PMID: 38426635.
  4. JAMA Pediatrics (2016). Cardiac arrhythmias as a cause of apparent life-threatening events in infants. JAMA Pediatr, 170(1), 74–81.
  5. Pediatrics (2018). Seizure disorders in infants presenting with apparent life-threatening events: A review. Pediatrics, 141(6), e20174361.
  6. Joel S. Tieder, Erin Sullivan, Allayne Stephans, et al. Risk factors and outcomes after a brief resolved unexplained event: A multicenter study. Pediatrics, 148 (1): e2020036095.
  7. Risa Bochner, et al. Brief Resolved Unexplained Event Research and Quality Improvement Network. Explanatory Diagnoses Following Hospitalization for a Brief Resolved Unexplained Event. Pediatrics November 2021; 148 (5): e2021052673. 10.1542/peds.2021-052673
  8. Reiner, G. L., et al. (2017). Subtle seizures and BRUE: A review of the literature and EEG findings in infants. J Pediatr, 191, 150–155.
  9. Corwin MJ. Acute events in infancy including brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE). UpToDate. Last updated March 25, 2026. Accessed April 2026.

Sidebar option, not in TOC. No content hidden.

daily intakes

Age Water (mL/kg) Sodium (meq/kg) Potassium (meq/kg)
Newborn
150
3
2.5
1 year
100
2.5
1.75
5 years
75
2
1.5
12 years
50
1
1

Modified from: Water intake and hydration physiology during childhood. Hydration for Health.