Neuroanatomy lab knowledge checks

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Steve Lampa
PhD · Clinical Associate Professor
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Table of Contents

Lab 1. Cerebrum, sucli, and gyri

Lobes of the cerebrum

Interactive 1.1.

Color and label the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes lobes on the medial and lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres. Use Figures 10-5 and 10-6 in Clinical Neuroanatomy, 29e, by Stephen G. Waxman, for help in identification. (Tap to open; use your Apple Pencil to draw.)

Check yourself 1.2.

Check your base knowledge of the functions of the cerebrum. (Tap the right arrow for answers)

Sulci/fissures of the cerebrum

Interactive 1.3.

(Tap to open; use your Apple Pencil to draw.)

Interactive 1.4.

Identify the major sulci and gyri. The sulci are indicated by the dashed line, and major gyri/regions are indicated by the solid lines.
Use Figures 10-5 and 10-6 in Clinical Neuroanatomy, 29e, by Stephen G. Waxman, for help in identification. (Tap to open; use your Apple Pencil to draw.)

Helpful hint 


Use the sulci to map out the gyri of the cerebrum for identification.

Major gyri of cerebral lobes

Check yourself 1.5.

The coronal section is through the mid-thalamus and anterior portion of the midbrain and pons. Specimen from Neuroanatomy Collection, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine. (Tap the right arrow for labels)

Portions of the medial temporal lobe outlined in green and light blue is an area where degeneration of cortical tissue occurs during Alzheimer’s disease (which will be discussed in the limbic system lecture in FMS 512 using case examples and providing clinical contexts).

Axonal fiber bundles of the cerebrum (leaving this one in the lab since it includes a photo of a real brain)

Check yourself 1.6.

Fiber bundles of cerebrum.
 Specimen from Neuroanatomy Collection, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine. (Tap the right arrow for labels)

Diencephalon

Epithalamus (leaving this one in the lab since it includes a photo of a real brain)

Check yourself 2.1.

Diencephalon components and associated structures.
 Specimen from Neuroanatomy Collection, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine. (Tap the right arrow for labels)

Overview of the brain stem

Interactive 2.2.

Using parts of the ventricular system, cerebrum, and the shape of the brain stem for orientation purposes, place these images in sequential order from superior to inferior. (Tap the right arrow for labels)

The brainstem

Parts of the brainstem

Review 3.1.

T1-MRI of brainstem regions, mid-sagittal. (Tap the + for labels)

Midbrain

Midbrain

Pons

Pons

Medulla

Medulla

Image from Neuroanatomy Image Archive, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine.

leaving this one in the lab

Review 3.2.

Subdivisions of the brainstem; mid-sagittal plane. 
 (Tap the right arrow for labels)

Specimen from Neuroanatomy Collection, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine.

Interactive 3.3.

Label the anatomic terms on an MRI:

    • Corpus Callosum
    • Pineal Gland
    • Mammillary Bodies
    • Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
    • Cerebral Aqueduct
    • 4th Ventricle
    • Pons (Metencephalon)
    • Spinal Cord
    • Cerebellar Tonsil
    • Medulla Oblongata

(Tap to open; use your Apple Pencil to draw)

Meninges and ventricles

Ventricles

Interactive 4.1.

On a mid-sagittal image, label the parts of ventricular systems highlighted in blue:

    • 3rd ventricle
    • 4th ventricle
    • cerebral aqueduct
    • lateral ventricle

(Tap to open; use your Apple Pencil to draw)

 

Review 4.2.

T2-Grayscale inverted @ level hypothalamus, lateral and 3rd ventricles. (Tap the + for labels)

Inf. horn LV

Inf. horn LV

3V

3V

Ant. horn LV

Ant. horn LV

Wikimedia.org by Frank Gaillard [GFDL 1.3CC BY SA 3.0, GFDL 1.3], Modified Lampa 7/09/18.

Blood supply and circulation

Interactive 5.1

Color and label the different vessels forming the circle of Willis.
 (Tap to open; use your Apple Pencil to draw.)

Review 5.2.

Axial MRI of cerebral circulation.

    • ACA: Anterior cerebral artery
    • ACoA: Anterior communicating artery
    • ICA: Internal carotid artery
    • MCA: Middle cerebral artery
    • PCA: Posterior cerebral artery.

(Tap the + for labels)

ACoA

AcoA

MCA

MCA

PCA

PCA

ACA

ACA

ICA

ICA

Image from Neuroanatomy Image Archive, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine.

Venous circulation

Appendix of 
Additional Stroke Images (MRI/CT)

For these images, try to come up with the signs/symptoms that a patient would present with.

Figure 5.8. Anterior cerebral artery infarct. Vascular Supply of the Brain, Waxman SG. Clinical Neuroanatomy, 28e; 2017. Accessed: July 25, 2018.  Signs/symptoms of patient from CT image (R. anterior cerebral artery)
Figure 5.8. Anterior cerebral artery infarct. Vascular Supply of the Brain, Waxman SG. Clinical Neuroanatomy, 28e; 2017. Accessed: July 25, 2018.

 Signs/symptoms of patient from CT image (R. anterior cerebral artery)
Figure 5.9. Posterior cerebral artery infarct. Chapter 34. Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ropper AH, Samuels MA, Klein JP. Adams and Victor’s Principles of Neurology, 10e; 2014. Accessed: July 25, 2018.  Signs/symptoms of patient from CT scan (L. posterior cerebral artery)
Figure 5.9. Posterior cerebral artery infarct. Chapter 34. Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ropper AH, Samuels MA, Klein JP. Adams and Victor’s Principles of Neurology, 10e; 2014. Accessed: July 25, 2018.

 Signs/symptoms of patient from CT scan (L. posterior cerebral artery)
Figure 5.10. Middle cerebral artery infarcts. Chapter 34. Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ropper AH, Samuels MA, Klein JP. Adams and Victor’s Principles of Neurology, 10e; 2014. Accessed: July 25, 2018.  Signs/symptoms of a patient with R. middle cerebral artery infarct
Figure 5.10. Middle cerebral artery infarcts. Chapter 34. Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ropper AH, Samuels MA, Klein JP. Adams and Victor’s Principles of Neurology, 10e; 2014. Accessed: July 25, 2018.

 Signs/symptoms of a patient with R. middle cerebral artery infarct
Figure 5.11. (left) Nervous System Disorders, Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW. Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2018; 2017. Accessed: July 25, 2018.  Signs/symptoms of patient from CT scan (L. middle cerebral artery)
Figure 5.11. (left) Nervous System Disorders, Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW. Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2018; 2017. Accessed: July 25, 2018.

 Signs/symptoms of patient from CT scan (L. middle cerebral artery)
Figure 5.12. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery infarct.
T2-weighted MRI through rostral medulla, both the vertebral and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries are labeled. From Neuroanatomy Image Archive, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine.  Signs/symptoms of a patient with an infarct in the region highlighted (hint: this is lateral medullary syndrome)
Figure 5.12. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery infarct.
T2-weighted MRI through rostral medulla, both the vertebral and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries are labeled. From Neuroanatomy Image Archive, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine.

 Signs/symptoms of a patient with an infarct in the region highlighted (hint: this is lateral medullary syndrome)