Learning goals
- Compare and contrast the microbiologic characteristics, pathogenic features, and diseases associated with Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Compare and contrast the virulence factors and clinical diseases associated with the six pathogenic types of Escherichia coli
- Describe cellular features of gram-negative bacteria and the immune response to invasive gram-negative infections
This session builds on the knowledge of basic bacterial structure from 501 to take a closer look at 4 specific gram-negative bacteria and the diseases they cause. I’ve termed them the “All-Stars” of gram-negative, as these bacteria are commonly encountered in clinical medicine, particularly in regard to urinary infections, but are certainly not restricted to the urinary system in the infectious diseases that they cause. In that regard, you will be seeing these organisms show up in other systems.
Required pre-class materials
Active learning companion
This activity is provided to help you pick out most relevant concepts from the RWJF video. (Take a screen shot, and fill in your answers with your Apple Pencil.)
- Gram-negative bacteria appear __________ on gram stain due to thin _________________________
- LPS, or endotoxin, is an important _____________________________________________
- Fimbriae or pili are different from flagella and are used to _____________________________.
- Medically relevant GNRs that ferment lactose include:
- Two important clinically applicable biochemical tests to differentiate GNRs are ___________________ and ___________________
- Medically relevant GNRs that do not ferment lactose include:
- _______________________ is a GNR that does not ferment lactose and is oxidase- _____________.
- Many ____________ bacteria are commensals.
- E. coli can cause
- _________________ is known for being quite mucoid and producing __________________ which confer drug resistance.
- Proteus can cause ___________ and produces ______________, which can promote kidney stone formation.
- A key habitat for Pseudomonas is ____________ and can cause infections in swimmers, leading to _____________________.
- Pseudomonas can infect virtually ____________________.
- Pseudomonas can cause infections with necrotic or de-vascularized tissues such as is seen in
_____________ and __________________.
HAND-DRAWN CONLEY- GRAM.
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Gram-negative bacteria
Read sections on:
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- E.coli
- Proteus
- Klebsiella
- Pseudomonas
Study materials
These are not required; they are supplementary to the large-group session. They are intended as a curated guide to content focused on the learning objectives. There are both textbook and video resources for this session for students to use per their preference.
For each reference, I have designated the learning goal addressed with a learning goal icon and and number.
Click the blue icons below to go to the resources listed.
- 3 Section on General Characteristics > Bacteriology, Classification, Toxins
- 2 Section on E.coli: Bacteriology, Pili, Toxins, E.coli Opportunistic Infections.
- In the section on Intestinal Infections, focus on EHEC and its associated disease (HUS), and familiarize yourself with the broad classification scheme of the intestinal infections. Bookmark this resource for when you see this pathogen and its toxins again in the gastroenterology system
- Section on Other Enterobacteraciae
- 1 Klebsiella
- 1 Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella
- 1 Section on Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Focus on the Bacteriology, P. aeruginosa disease: Epidemiology and Clinical Aspects.