Urinary Tract Infection
Introduction? Epidemiology Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is the second most common bacterial infection in children after acute otitis media. There is a slightly higher prevalence of febrile UTI in males within the first three months of life, and that flips to a higher female prevalence after three months. Risk factors for UTI include urinary tract […]
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine-metabolic disorder of childhood and adolescence. It is a syndrome of disturbed energy homeostasis, caused by a deficiency of insulin or of its action, resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fat. Type 1 DM (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) is characterized by severe lack of insulin and […]
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) in pediatrics account for a large amount of both outpatient and inpatient visits per year, and can range from the simple/self-resolving to life threatening infections. This guideline will focus on the three most common manifestations: impetigo, cellulitis/erysipelas, and abscess. Epidemiology There are more than 500,000 emergency department visits per […]
Development and utilization of clinical guidelines
In previous sessions you have learned to read and critically appraise primary research papers. This session turns to a different type of document: the clinical practice guideline. Guidelines occupy a unique place in medicine—they are how research gets translated into decisions at the bedside. Understanding where a guideline comes from, whether it was built well, […]
Development and utilization of clinical guidelines (Facilitator)
In previous sessions you have learned to read and critically appraise primary research papers. This session turns to a different type of document: the clinical practice guideline. Guidelines occupy a unique place in medicine—they are how research gets translated into decisions at the bedside. Understanding where a guideline comes from, whether it was built well, […]
Sepsis and Septic Shock
Sepsis and septic shock represent a severe manifestation of infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality in children. They remain prevalent in the pediatric population both in resource-limited and resource-abundant regions. The definitions for sepsis and septic shock in children were updated in 2024 by the International Society of Critical Care Medicine Pediatric Sepsis Definition […]
Seizures
Introduction? Epidemiology Seizures are relatively common in children, with estimates suggesting that about 5–10% of children will experience a seizure by the age of 16. However, the majority of these seizures are febrile seizures which are usually benign; an estimated 0.5 to 1 percent of children and adolescents will experience at least one afebrile seizure […]
Survey design: Asking the right questions
Learning goals Describe standard methods for the design and implementation of survey-based research Describe the importance of a rigorous, a step-by-step process for the development of surveys Discriminate useful from not useful survey questions Learning activities You are charged with collecting student feedback about MEDSCHLR 500B. Your survey data will be analyzed and shared with […]
Respiratory Distress and Failure
Respiratory distress and respiratory failure are critical conditions in pediatric medicine, requiring prompt recognition and intervention. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, clinical features, differential diagnosis, diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions, tailored for pediatric residents. Epidemiology Respiratory distress and failure are common in infants and children, with varying incidence […]
Pediatric Pain Management
What is pain? In a general sense, pain can be thought of as, “An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage” (International Association for the Study of Pain 1979). But a more important definition for providers to keep in mind is that pain […]