Scalp and cranial cavity
Origin: Its two heads arise from the zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch. Insertion: External surface of ramus of mandible. Action: Elevates the mandible to close the jaw and clench the teeth. Innervation: Masseteric nerve from V3. Boundaries Its floor contains portions of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones. The upper boundary is the curved […]
Neuroanatomy lab knowledge checks
Lab 1. Cerebrum, sucli, and gyri Lobes of the cerebrum Interactive 1.1. Color and label the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes lobes on the medial and lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres. Use Figures 10-5 and 10-6 in Clinical Neuroanatomy, 29e, by Stephen G. Waxman, for help in identification. (Tap to open; use your […]
Orientation required pre-reading
How to use this material First, please review this and the optional reading resources completely before your first day on rotation, as they provide important context for connecting with sites and communities. You are welcome to return to this resource throughout the rotation experience to deepen your knowledge and understanding, satisfy your curiosity, or dive […]
Community Engagement
Final Thoughts: Climate Change and Mental Health
Key takeaways The core message Climate change impacts mental health through multiple pathways—from acute trauma after disasters to chronic anxiety about the future. These impacts are not equally distributed; marginalized communities bear the greatest burden. As physicians, you have roles at multiple levels: Clinical care, community resilience building, and advocacy for climate action and health […]
Host-pathogen interactions
High-yield summary Core concept Host-pathogen interactions determine infection outcomes: clearance, persistence, latency, or disease. Immune responses are tailored to pathogen type Pathogens evolve mechanisms to evade immunity.  Extracellular bacteria Innate Response Complement activation (Alternative and lectin pathways) Phagocytosis via PRRs, Fc receptors, complement receptors Inflammatory cytokines: IL-1, TNF, IL-6 Adaptive Response Antibodies: Opsonization, toxin neutralization CD4+ […]
Storms, Hurricanes, and Floods
An aerial view of extreme flooding: New Orleans inundated in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina (2005). Such catastrophic floods illustrate how powerful storms can devastate entire regions, endanger lives, and cripple critical infrastructure. Heavy precipitation One of the clearest signals of climate change is a marked increase in heavy precipitation and flooding events. A warmer atmosphere […]
Introduction to Extreme Weather Hazards
Even as far back as ancient times, people understood that weather could influence health—Hippocrates wrote 2,400 years ago that anyone practicing medicine must consider seasonal weather changes and their effects on disease. Today, our climate is changing at an unprecedented rate, and this is driving more extreme weather events that pose serious risks to human […]
Mini-Literature Review
Requirements Minimum 1,000 words. Minimum 10 citations Mini-reviews are essential when you Are writing a review paper. Draft the intro or discussion sections of research/scholarly work. Venture into a new research/scholarly field. Prepare a research/scholarly proposal. A mini-literature review should Summarize key findings in your topic area Evaluate the quality and impact of studies Show […]
The PICO Process
Patient or population Intervention and treatment Comparison of one intervention to another Outcome you anticipate