Global Template: Site Wide Global Lesson Template

Mini-Literature Review

Requirements Minimum 1,000 words. Minimum 10 citations Mini-reviews are essential when you Are writing a review paper. Draft the intro or discussion sections of research/scholarly work. Venture into a new research/scholarly field. Prepare a research/scholarly proposal. A mini-literature review should Summarize key findings in your topic area Evaluate the quality and impact of studies Show […]

The PICO Process

P I C O Patient or population Intervention or treatment Comparison of one intervention to another Outcome you anticipate

4. Limbic neurotransmitters and relevant neuroanatomy 

The original image had acetycholine, but it’s not mentioned on the page—is it ok to leave it out? Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) Primary location Concentrated in the hypothalamus, medial limbic system, locus ceruleus (rostral pons), and medulla. Functions Modulates alertness, attentiveness, and arousal. Clinical relevance Degeneration of noradrenergic projections from the rostral pons is implicated in neurodegenerative […]

3. Long-term potentiation and memory consolidation 

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) is a form of synaptic plasticity where repeated stimulation of a synapse increases its strength, enhancing the likelihood of future activation and contributing to memory formation. LTP mechanisms involve glutamate release, NMDA receptor activation, calcium influx, and retrograde signaling via nitric oxide, leading to increased neurotransmitter release and synaptic responsiveness. The Long-Term […]

2. Memory function and the neuroanatomy 

Key definitions Learning is a neural mechanism by which the organism’s behavior changes because of an experience or stimulus. Memory is the storage mechanism for what is learned. Normally, once memory information is encoded, it is no longer dependent on the hippocampus for retrieval. Memory involves distinct brain regions Hippocampus: Critical for encoding and consolidating […]

1. Neuroanatomy and limbic system functions 

Functions regulated by the limbic system Mnemonic Use the acronym HOME. H Homeostasis: Maintains internal physiological balance via hypothalamic connections. O Olfaction: Processes smell through olfactory pathways. M Memory: Especially episodic and spatial memory via the medial temporal lobe. E Emotion: Modulates emotional responses through the Papez circuit and amygdala. Medial temporal lobe: Central to […]

Limbic system and functional neurocircuitry

Objectives:  Identify and localize the neuroanatomy of the limbic system on diagrams and MRI images  Describe how specific brain regions and functional neural pathways are involved in short- and long-term memory  Explain how long-term potentiation is associated with establishing memories  Describe the functional neural pathways and neurotransmitter circuits associated with neuronal excitation, inhibition, and modulation  […]

Parasitology 3: Tissue-invasive parasites

Learning goals Contrast the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnosis of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis Contrast the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in patients with HIV/AIDS, neonates, and immunocompetent hosts Contrast the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnosis of diseases caused by Trichinella, Toxocara (visceral larva migrans), Taenia solium (cysticercosis), […]

Herpes virus

Learning goals Name the various herpes group viruses (1-8) and identify the most common clinical presentation for each, including risk factors and features from history and physical examination Correlate the pathogenesis of acute, latent, and reactivation stages for herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and describe the clinical manifestations and possible complications of […]