Inflammatory myopathies
Case study 1: Anna María Tap the arrow to view the case.Anna María, a 49-year-old woman, presents to her primary care clinic with 5 months of progressive difficulty climbing stairs and lifting objects overhead. She reports needing frequent breaks when folding laundry and brushing her hair.She denies diplopia, ptosis, numbness, tingling, dysphagia, dyspnea, joint swelling, […]
Sjogren’s disease and mixed connective tissue disease
Case study 1: Suzanne Tap the arrow to view the case.Suzanne, a 44-year-old woman with Sjögren’s disease, presents for routine follow-up. She takes ibuprofen for joint pain and omeprazole for heartburn. She reports no new symptoms.Vital signs are normal. Physical examination reveals tenderness at the proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints bilaterally and bilateral parotid enlargement. The […]
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Case study 1: Blair Tap the arrow to view the case.Blair, a 17-year-old female, presents to the emergency department with progressive shortness of breath for 3 weeks and intermittent hemoptysis for 1 day. She reports painful oral and nasal ulcers, diffuse swelling of her hands and feet, morning stiffness lasting 2 hours, and a 10-pound unintentional […]
Principles of cardiac electrophysiology
If you answered 7 or more of the Pre-Assessment for Principles of Cardiac Electrophysiology questions correctly, you may choose to skip this section. If not, please review this foundational knowledge. An electrical impulse is generated at the sinoatrial (SA) node at regular intervals with a normal frequency of approximately 60 to 100 beats per minute. […]
Pre-assessment for principles of cardiac electrophysiology
To understand the mechanism of action of antiarrhythmic drugs, it is necessary to understand cardiac electrophysiology and the pathophysiology of arrhythmogenesis. Please take the following pre-assessment to gauge your understanding of principles of cardiac electrophysiology as it relates to pharmacology. If you miss two or more questions, you are strongly encouraged to review cardiac electrophysiology and the pathophysiology of arrhythmogenesis from […]
Drugs for dysrhythmias
Learning goals Describe the mechanism of action (including impact on ion channel(s), electrophysiologic action potential, and electrocardiogram) of antiarrhythmic drugs. Identify generic drug names and classify them according to their Singh Vaughan–Williams cardiac antiarrhythmic class. Describe adverse effects and contraindications of antiarrhythmic drugs. Describe drug interactions of antiarrhythmic drugs. Hello and welcome! This module is […]
Orbit, eyelids, and lacrimal apparatus
Optional reading Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 9th ed., Head chapter, Orbits, eyeball, and accessory visual structures section through Lacrimal apparatus; Extra-ocular muscles of orbit section through Surface anatomy of eye and lacrimal apparatus. The orbit is the bony “eye socket” that contains the eyeball, extra-ocular muscles, nerves and vessels, and the lacrimal gland. It is protected […]
Climate Change and Heat Impacts
Sections
Protected: Lab 20: Dissection: Pericardium, Heart, and Mediastinum
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Small vessel vasculitis
Optional resources American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Rheum2Learn 2.0: Small Vessel Vasculitis Estimated time: 10–15 min. (Cases 2 and 3 only) Rheum2Learn 2.0 is a free, case-based online program from the ACR that uses interactive patient cases to build core skills in recognizing and managing rheumatic diseases. Flexible and self-paced, it’s designed for students, residents, […]