4. Limbic neurotransmitters and relevant neuroanatomy
The original image had acetycholine, but it’s not mentioned on the page—is it ok to leave it out? Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) Primary location Concentrated in the hypothalamus, medial limbic system, locus ceruleus (rostral pons), and medulla. Functions Modulates alertness, attentiveness, and arousal. Clinical relevance Degeneration of noradrenergic projections from the rostral pons is implicated in neurodegenerative […]
3. Long-term potentiation and memory consolidation
Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) is a form of synaptic plasticity where repeated stimulation of a synapse increases its strength, enhancing the likelihood of future activation and contributing to memory formation. LTP mechanisms involve glutamate release, NMDA receptor activation, calcium influx, and retrograde signaling via nitric oxide, leading to increased neurotransmitter release and synaptic responsiveness. The Long-Term […]
2. Memory function and the neuroanatomy
Key definitions Learning is a neural mechanism by which the organism’s behavior changes because of an experience or stimulus. Memory is the storage mechanism for what is learned. Normally, once memory information is encoded, it is no longer dependent on the hippocampus for retrieval. Memory involves distinct brain regions Hippocampus: Critical for encoding and consolidating […]
1. Neuroanatomy and limbic system functions
Functions regulated by the limbic system Mnemonic Use the acronym HOME. H Homeostasis: Maintains internal physiological balance via hypothalamic connections. O Olfaction: Processes smell through olfactory pathways. M Memory: Especially episodic and spatial memory via the medial temporal lobe. E Emotion: Modulates emotional responses through the Papez circuit and amygdala. Medial temporal lobe: Central to […]
Limbic system and functional neurocircuitry
Objectives: Identify and localize the neuroanatomy of the limbic system on diagrams and MRI images Describe how specific brain regions and functional neural pathways are involved in short- and long-term memory Explain how long-term potentiation is associated with establishing memories Describe the functional neural pathways and neurotransmitter circuits associated with neuronal excitation, inhibition, and modulation […]
Parasitology 3: Tissue-invasive parasites
Learning goals Contrast the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnosis of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis Contrast the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in patients with HIV/AIDS, neonates, and immunocompetent hosts Contrast the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnosis of diseases caused by Trichinella, Toxocara (visceral larva migrans), Taenia solium (cysticercosis), […]
Tachyarrhythmias session
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Bradyarrhythmias session
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ECG session 3
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ECG session 2
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