38. Development of genital organs (internal and external genitalia)
Optional Reading The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 12th ed., chapter 12, Development of genital system section through Anomalies of uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina. The adult organs that will be discussed in this chapter are the gonads and the accessory sex organs. Male Female In the male, the gonad is the testis in the […]
37. The pleura and lungs
Optional Reading Moore, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 9th ed., Viscera of thoracic cavity section through Clinical box: Pleurae, lungs, and tracheobronchial tree; The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 11th ed., chapter 10. Pleura and pleural sacs Pleura is a serous membrane associated with the lungs. Pleura comes in two varieties: Visceral pleura Visceral pleura invests each […]
36. The larynx
Optional Reading Moore, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 9th ed., Viscera of neck: Larynx section through Nerves of larynx. Â The larynx is an organ of the respiratory system and the part of the airway situated between the pharynx and trachea. It is located anterior to the lower pharynx and esophagus, between the levels of C-4 to C-6 […]
35. The oral region and pharynx
Optional Reading Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 9th ed., Oral region section through Sublingual glands; The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 11th ed., Development of tongue section through Development of salivary glands. The oral region The oral region includes the lips, cheeks, oral cavity (mouth), gingivae (gums), teeth, tongue, palate, and oral fauces (the area connecting the […]
34. Nose, nasal cavities, and paranasal sinuses
Optional Reading Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 7th ed., Nose section through Transillumination of sinuses; The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 11th ed., Development of nasal cavities section thorough Postnatal development of paranasal sinuses. The nose The nose is the portion of the respiratory tract above the palate. It consists of two parts: an external nose on […]
Prenatal and postnatal circulationÂ
Prenatal circulation Oxygenated blood reaches the fetus from the placenta via the umbilical vein (within the umbilical cord). Once in the fetus, the umbilical vein reaches the liver by passing through the falciform ligament. Much of this blood bypasses the liver through the ductus venosus. Oxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the inferior vena […]
31. Development of urinary organs
Optional Reading The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 11th ed., Development of urinary system section through Development of suprarenal glands. The urinary and reproductive (genital) systems have several features in common and are sometimes considered together as the uro-genital system. Most shared features are developmental in nature: Both the kidneys and the gonads arise from […]
30. Urinary organs of the retroperitoneum and pelvis
Optional Reading Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 8th ed., Diaphragm section through Clinical box: Diaphragm, kidneys, ureters, and suprarenal glands section through Clinical box: Kidneys, ureters, and suprarenal glands. Would a review be helpful? Kidneys Receive ~20% of cardiac output, and is in a key position for regulating blood pressure, the composition of body fluids, and acid-base […]
Cranial nerves appendix
Templates for drawing the pathways of the cranial nerves Cranial nerves templates Previous The mixed cranial nerves
The mixed cranial nerves
Cranial nerve V: Trigeminal nerve Functions Innervates skin of the face, mucous membranes in oral and nasal cavities, external ear, and teeth (general sensory). Innervates muscles of mastication and other muscles in the neck, palate, and middle ear (skeletal motor). Skull opening Ophthalmic branch (V1) = Superior orbital fissure Maxillary branch (V2) = Foramen rotundum […]