Multisystem disease and advanced clinical reasoning for standardized preceptors
Thank you for serving as a preceptor for our Transition to Clerkship!
Multisystem disease and advanced clinical reasoning student introduction
Case-Based Learning (CBL) in the Transition to Clerkship will be different in several ways from what you have experienced up to this point. This page, combined with the orientation session, will alert you to the changes so that you can have the best experience possible.
Multisystem disease and advanced clinical reasoning overview
What is Multisystem disease and advanced clinical reasoning?ā A course between pre-clerkship and clerkship focusing on Step 1 and LIC preparation. When is it? March 30āJune 26, 2026 March 30āApril 24: On-campus weeks will focus on transition to clerkship + high-yield board prep sessions (NEW) April 27āJune 26: Dedicated study time and Step 1 High-yield […]
Pterygopalatine fossa
Optional reading Moore, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 9th ed., Pterygopalatine fossa section through The bottom line: Pterygopalatine fossa. The pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) is a small, bilateral bony space immediately behind the maxilla. Shaped like an inverted teardrop, it is about the size of a thumbnail. Bony borders Anterior: Posterior surface of maxilla. Posterior: Anterior surface of […]
Root of the neck
Optional reading Moore, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 9th ed., Deep structures of neck section through Nerves in root of neck. The root of the neck (base of the neck, cervicothoracic region) is important because it is the region of continuity between the neck and thorax, and the neck and upper limbs. It can be somewhat confusing […]
Additional resources and references
Additional resources Tulane. https://tmedweb.tulane.edu/pharmwiki/doku.php/intro_to_antiarrhythmics Kim, C.J. et al.Ā Antiarrhythmic drugs and anaesthesia: part 1. mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias. BJA Education, Volume 23, Issue 1, 8ā16. https://www.bjaed.org/article/S2058-5349(22)00141-X/fulltext Kim, C.J. et al. Antiarrhythmic drugs and anaesthesia. Part 2: pharmacotherapy.Ā BJA Education, Volume 23, Issue 2, 52ā60. https://www.bjaed.org/article/S2058-5349(22)00147-0/fulltext TikTok with helpful memory aids: https://www.tiktok.com/@medschoolbro/video/7235035002306579718?lang=en References Antiarrhythmic Drugs.Ā In:Ā Stringer JL.Ā eds.Ā Basic […]
Self-assessment questions
Source The following self-assessment questions were adapted from: Antiarrhythmic Drugs.Ā In:Ā Kruidering-Hall M, Katzung BG, Tuan R, Vanderah TW.Ā eds.Ā Katzungās Pharmacology Examination & Board Review, 14th Edition. McGraw Hill; 2024. Accessed January 10, 2026.Ā Ā Question 1 of 5 A 54-year-old airline pilot is admitted to the emergency department with chest pain and a rapid heart rhythm. The ECG […]
Comparing antiarrhythmic drugs
Antiarrhythmic impact on action potentials Image credit: Amboss. Class IāIV antiarrhythmics (Singh VaughanāWilliams classification) Class Subclass / Drugs Primary Mechanism AP Phase Target ECG Effects Class IĀ (Naāŗ channel blockers) IA:Ā Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide Moderate Naāŗ block + Kāŗ block ā ā conduction, ā refractory period PhaseĀ 0Ā (ā slope), PhaseĀ 3(prolong via Kāŗ block) āĀ QRS, āĀ QT Ā IB:Ā Lidocaine, Mexiletine […]
Additional antiarrhythmics
So far, this module has covered high-yield antiarrhythmic medications by historical Singh Vaughan-Williams classification. There are other antiarrhythmics of note that will be covered now. Adenosine Adenosine binds to A1 adenosine receptors in the AV node (Giācoupled). Gi inhibitsĀ adenylyl cyclaseĀ ā ā cAMP āĀ reduced Lātype CaĀ²āŗ channel activity. This leads to: Slowed AV nodal conduction Increased […]
Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs
Class IV antiarrhythmics: Calcium channel blockers Drugs Verapamil Diltiazem Question Class IV antiarrhythmics are calcium channel blockers. Drugs from which other antiarrhythmics classes also reduce or blunt calciumās effects? Select all that apply. Rationale Class II (betaāblockers) antiarrhythmics do notblock CaĀ²āŗ channels directly, but reduce calcium influxĀ by decreasingĀ cAMPāmediated activationĀ of Lātype CaĀ²āŗ Amiodarone, a Class III […]