Lesson 2. Risk: Basic Principles
Risk involves uncertainty about the outcomes of an activity that we value. In clinical practice, we talk about the risk of a disease or an adverse outcome based upon behaviors or activities. We deal with risk in most of our patient encounters. We take a patient’s history, to include family and social histories, that may […]
Lesson 1. Introduction to Clinical Epidemiology
Clinical Epidemiology takes the fundamental science of public health and applies it to the clinical setting. This allows physicians to use population-based data and research to support clinical care. As physicians, the most important consideration we have is the health and wellbeing of the patients we serve, i.e., health outcomes. For individuals, these include symptoms, […]
Module 3. The Science of Public Health
In Module 3, you will engage with the required reading, Clinical Epidemiology—The Essentials by Grant S. Fletcher (6e), as the primary source of content. These lessons will: Introduce you to the field and purpose of clinical epidemiology. Understand the basic principles of risk. Dive deeper into risk by looking at the principles in the context […]
Gram-negative
Gram-negative Cocci (GNCs): Diplococci Neisseria Small intracellular gram-negative diplococci. Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria meningitidis is gram-negative diplococci that colonizes human nasopharynx. It is encapsulated, which distinguishes it from other Neisseria spp and provides an anti-phagocytic protection. After colonizing nasopharynx, organism can evade immune response and reach meninges via bloodstream. Patients with terminal complement deficiency are highly […]
Gram-positive
Gram-Positive Cocci (GPCs) Staphylococci Staphylococcus aureus Beta-hemolytic, golden colored colonies on blood agar. One of the most common causes of infections in humans. The main habitat is the anterior nares in humans and as a colonizer of human skin. S. aureus has several important toxins that facilitate disease, including toxic-shock superantigens. S. aureus can cause […]
Bacteria
In this section
Microbiology and Infectious Disease thread compendium
Antimicrobials
Lesson 4 knowledge check
Select the best answer. These questions are for self-study only. Answers will not be evaluated or saved. Question 1 Which historical physician is most often cited as an early advocate for addressing social determinants of health? Explanation Dr. Rudolf Virchow was a pioneer in recognizing that social and political factors, such as poverty and corruption, […]
Lesson 3 knowledge check
Select the best answer. These questions are for self-study only. Answers will not be evaluated or saved. Question 1 Which approach best aligns with a systemic-level intervention for addressing social determinants of health? Explanation Systemic interventions target large-scale societal issues such as environmental injustice and redlining, whereas individual and community-level strategies focus on direct patient […]
Lesson 2 knowledge check
Select the best answer. These questions are for self-study only. Answers will not be evaluated or saved. Question 1 Which of the following best explains the intersectionality of health disparities? Explanation Health disparities are influenced by multiple intersecting factors, including socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, gender, and geography, leading to compounded disadvantages. Question 2 How do geographic […]