3. Basics of the 12-Lead EKG

Self-study learning goals Identify and describe the following: Five critical electrical and mechanical functions. Five parts of the heart’s electrical system. SA node. P wave. AV node. Bundle of His. Right and left bundle branches. Purkinje fibers. QRS complex. The heart has an intricate electrical system, made up of highly specialized cells, that is responsible […]

2. Physiology Review of the Heart’s Conduction System

Self-study learning goals Identify and describe the following: The six limb leads The six precordial leads The time lines on EKG paper A 0.04 second time interval A 0.20 second time interval The EKG baseline A positive wave A negative wave Measurement of wave amplitude Standardization of the EKG In 1913, Wilhelm Einthoven contributed significantly […]

1. Anatomy Review of the Human Heart

Self-study learning goals Define and identify the following: Pericardium Myocardium Epicardium Circulation Origin and path of the right coronary artery Origin and path of the left coronary artery Branches of the left coronary artery Blood supply to the right ventricle Blood supply to the AV node Blood supply to the septum, anterior wall, lateral walls, […]

Cellular Receptors of Relevance to Therapeutics

This table provides a summary of the various types of cellular receptors that are drug targets.   Classes Subclasses or families Physiological ligands Transducers, principal effects, or ions G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)a Adhesion Frizzled Glutamate Rhodopsin Secretin Very large number of endocrine and paracrine factors, but other types of ligands as well G proteins  Gs: Adenylyl […]

Anatomy of a case report

Writing case reports: A balanced perspective As educators, we often encounter students eager to write case reports. Dr. Coidado fielded so many queries and requests for assistance that she reached out to me to help her create this resource. While I have many reservations about this effort and my own personal biases, it’s important that […]

Tachyarrhythmias and ectopy

https://youtu.be/fL5pOiHdunI In this video (scrub through the video to see chapters) 00:41 Review of basic principles 02:01 Practical arrhythmia summary 03:13 Normal HR, regular, and narrow QRS 06:18 Normal HR, irregular, and narrow QRS 09:55 Atrial flutter 12:58 Atrial fibrillation 15:23 Fast HR, regular, and narrow QRS 27:45 Fast HR, irregular, and narrow QRS 33:24 Normal HR, regular, and wide QRS 35:17 Normal HR, irregular, […]

Bradyarrhythmias

https://youtu.be/PQ4TtOWgvZ8 In this video (scrub through the video to see chapters) 00:32 Analyze, synthesize, manage 05:51 Fast? Slow? Irregular? 06:14 QRS Narrow? Wide? 06:38 Where are my P waves? 08:50 Normal HR, regular, and narrow QRS 09:55 Normal HR, irregular, and narrow QRS 14:32 Slow HR, regular, and narrow QRS 21:29 Slow HR, irregular, and narrow QRS 25:19 Normal HR, regular, and wide QRS […]