6. Axis: The science of direction
In this material Self-study learning goals Identify and describe the six frontal plane leads. Identify and describe the six horizontal plane leads. Locate leads I, II, III, AVL, AVR, and AVF on the frontal plane diagram. Locate leads V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6 on the horizontal plane diagram. Memorize the three leads that […]
The PR, QRS, and QT Intervals Worksheets
Intro paragraph? These worksheets are for self-study only. Answers will not be evaluated. Instructions and examples Instructions for Chapter 5 Worksheets Complete basic measurements. Measure the PR, QRS, and QT intervals. Interpret the PR as normal, short, or long. Interpret the QRS as normal (0.09 seconds or less), IVCD (0.10 to 0.11), or BBB (0.12 […]
The PR, QRS, and QT Intervals Case Studies
Case 1: Short PR interval—WPW syndrome Tap the arrow to view the case.Although the PR interval is measured only in the limb leads, examination of all the leads can help in the diagnosis of WPW syndrome. Leads I and aVL demonstrate a delta wave (the slurred upstroke) at the beginning of the QRS associated with […]
5. The PR, QRS, and QT Intervals
In this material Self-study learning goals Define and identify the following: Normal PR interval. Long PR interval. Short PR interval. Normal QRS interval. Intraventricular Conduction Delay. QT interval/QTc interval. Short QT interval. Long QT interval. Indeterminate QT interval. The PR, QRS, and QT intervals After calculation of the the heart rate, the next step is […]
Heart Rate Worksheets
Intro paragraph? These worksheets are for self-study only. Answers will not be evaluated. Instructions and examples Instructions for Chapter 4 Worksheets Count the number of small boxes between two QRS complexes. Divide that number into 1500 to accurately determine the HR. Use the HR to classify the rhythm as sinus rhythm (60 to 100), sinus […]
Heart Rate Case Studies
Case 1: Sinus tachycardia in acute MI Tap the arrow to view the case.The finding of sinus tachycardia on the EKG, as in Figure 4.8, enables visualization of an imbalance in the normal sympathetic / parasympathetic balance. Underlying clinical possibilities should be considered. The sympathetic stimulation may have increased, or the parasympathetic stimulation may have […]
4. Heart Rate: A mandatory part of an EKG interpretation
In this material Self-study learning goals Define and Identify the following: Sinus rhythm Sinus bradycardia Sinus tachycardia Sinus arrhythmia Correctly measure the heart rate in any regular rhythm. Correctly measure the heart rate in atrial fibrillation. Define the pathophysiology of Sinus tachycardia Sinus bradycardia. List possible underlying causes of Sinus tachycardia Sinus bradycardia. Describe findings […]
II. Methodology: Measurements and their clinical significance
3. Basics of the 12-Lead EKG
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2. Physiology Review of the Heart’s Conduction System
Self-study learning goals Identify and describe the following: The six limb leads The six precordial leads The time lines on EKG paper A 0.04 second time interval A 0.20 second time interval The EKG baseline A positive wave A negative wave Measurement of wave amplitude Standardization of the EKG In 1913, Wilhelm Einthoven contributed significantly […]