Climate Change and Mental Health References

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Headshot of Anne Grossman, MD, FACP · Assistant Professor, Medical Education and Clinical Sciences
Anne Grossman
MD, FACP · Assistant Professor, Medical Education and Clinical Sciences
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Short intro paragraph. Do you want students to review all the references? Pick their favorites? 

Systematic reviews and foundational literature
  1. Charlson F, Ali S, Benmarhnia T, Pearl M, Massazza A, Augustinavicius J, Scott JG. Climate Change and Mental Health: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(9):4486. 
  2. Cianconi P, Betrò S, Janiri L. The Impact of Climate Change on Mental Health: A Systematic Descriptive Review. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020;11:74. 
  3. Palinkas LA, Wong M. Global climate change and mental health. Current Opinion in Psychology. 2020;32:12–16. 
  4. McMichael C, Barnett J, McMichael AJ. An Ill Wind? Climate Change, Migration, and Health. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2012;120(5):646–654. 
  5. Berry HL, Waite TD, Dear KBG, Capon AG, Murray V. The case for systems thinking about climate change and mental health. Nature Climate Change. 2018;8:282–290. 
Disaster mental health
  1. Goldmann E, Galea S. Mental Health Consequences of Disasters. Annual Review of Public Health. 2014;35:169-183. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182435
  2. Keya TA, Leela A, Habib N, Rashid M, Bakthavatchalam P. Mental Health Disorders Due to Disaster Exposure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus. 2023;15(4):e37031. doi:10.7759/cureus.37031
    Most recent meta-analysis: 48,170 participants across 22 studies. PTSD prevalence ranges 2.6-52%; Point estimates: Floods 7%, Storms 18%, Earthquakes 15%
  3. Lowe SR, Bonumwezi JL, Valdespino-Hayden Z, Galea S. Posttraumatic stress and depression in the aftermath of environmental disasters: A review of quantitative studies published in 2018. Current Environmental Health Reports. 2019;6(4):344-360. doi:10.1007/s40572-019-00245-5
  4. Paxson C, Fussell E, Rhodes J, Waters M. Five Years Later: Recovery From Post Traumatic Stress and Psychological Distress Among Low-Income Mothers Affected by Hurricane Katrina. Social Science & Medicine. 2012;74(2):150-157. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.10.004
  5. Fussell E, Lowe SR. The Impact of Housing Displacement on the Mental Health of Low-Income Parents After Hurricane Katrina. Social Science & Medicine. 2014;113:137-144. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.05.025
  6. Scaramutti C, Salas-Wright CP, Vos SR, Schwartz SJ. The Mental Health Impact of Hurricane Maria on Puerto Ricans in Puerto Rico and Florida. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13(1):24-27. doi:10.1017/dmp.2018.151
Eco-anxiety and climate distress
  1. Hickman C, Marks E, Pihkala P, Clayton S, Lewandowski RE, Mayall EE, et al. Climate anxiety in children and young people and their beliefs about government responses to climate change: a global survey. The Lancet Planetary Health. 2021;5(12):e863-e873. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00278-3
  2. Clayton S, Karazsia BT. Development and validation of a measure of climate change anxiety. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 2020;69:101434. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101434
  3. Pihkala P. Anxiety and the Ecological Crisis: An Analysis of Eco-Anxiety and Climate Anxiety. Sustainability. 2020;12(19):7836. doi:10.3390/su12197836
  4. Ojala M, Cunsolo A, Ogunbode CA, Middleton J. Anxiety, Worry, and Grief in a Time of Environmental and Climate Crisis: A Narrative Review. Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 2021;46:35-58. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-022716
Heat and temperature effects
  1. Thompson R, Hornigold R, Page L, Waite T. Associations between high ambient temperatures and heat waves with mental health outcomes: a systematic review. Public Health. 2018;161:171-191. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2018.06.008
  2. Bouchama A, Abuyassin B, Lehe C, et al. Classic and exertional heatstroke. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2022;8(1):8. doi:10.1038/s41572-021-00334-6
  3. Hansen A, Bi P, Nitschke M, et al. The Effect of Heat Waves on Mental Health in a Temperate Australian City. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2008;116(10):1369-1375. doi:10.1289/ehp.11339
Solastalgia and ecological grief
  1. Norris FH, Friedman MJ, Watson PJ. 60,000 disaster victims speak: Part II. Summary and implications of the disaster mental health research. Psychiatry. 2002;65(3):240-260. doi:10.1521/psyc.65.3.240.20169
  2. Cunsolo A, Ellis NR. Ecological grief as a mental health response to climate change-related loss. Nature Climate Change. 2018;8(4):275-281. doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0092-2
  3. Cunsolo Willox A, Harper SL, Ford JD, et al. “From this place and of this place:” Climate change, sense of place, and health in Nunatsiavut, Canada. Social Science & Medicine. 2012;75(3):538-547. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.043
  4. Middleton J, Cunsolo A, Jones-Bitton A, Wright CJ, Harper SL. Indigenous mental health in a changing climate: a systematic scoping review of the global literature. Environmental Research Letters. 2020;15(5):053001. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab68a9
  5. Kirmayer LJ, Dandeneau S, Marshall E, Phillips MK, Williamson KJ. Rethinking resilience from indigenous perspectives. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;56(2):84-91. doi:10.1177/070674371105600203
  6. Albrecht G, Sartore GM, Connor L, et al. Solastalgia: the distress caused by environmental change. Australasian Psychiatry. 2007;15(Suppl 1):S95-S98. doi:10.1080/10398560701701288
  7. Albrecht G. Chronic Environmental Change: Emerging ‘Psychoterratic’ Syndromes. In: Weissbecker I, editor. Climate Change and Human Well-Being. New York: Springer; 2011. p. 43-56.
Surveillance and monitoring
  1. Rudolph L, Harrison C, Buckley L, North S. Climate Change, Health, and Equity: A Guide for Local Health Departments. Oakland, CA and Washington D.C.: Public Health Institute and American Public Health Association; 2018.
  2. Ebi KL, Berry P, Boyer C, et al. Stress testing the capacity of health systems to manage climate change-related shocks and stresses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018;15(11):2370. doi:10.3390/ijerph15112370
Occupational vulnerabilities
  1. White BP, Breakey S, Brown MJ, Smith JR, Tarbet A, Nicholas PK, Viamonte Ros AM. Mental Health Impacts of Climate Change Among Vulnerable Populations Globally: An Integrative Review. Annals of Global Health. 2023;89(1):66. doi:10.5334/aogh.4105
  2. U.S. Department of Agriculture Climate Hubs. Drought and Northwest Agriculture in a Changing Climate. 2024. Available at: https://www.climatehubs.usda.gov/hubs/northwest/topic/drought-and-northwest-agriculture-changing-climate
  3. Edwards B, Gray M, Hunter B. The social and economic impacts of drought. Australian Social Policy. 2018;2015(2):11-12.
  4. Ruderman Family Foundation. Ruderman White Paper Update on Mental Health and Suicide of First Responders. May 2022. Available at: https://rudermanfoundation.org/white_papers/
Disaster response and psychological first aid
  1. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Disaster Technical Assistance Center Supplemental Research Bulletin: First Responders – Behavioral Health Concerns, Emergency Response, and Trauma. Rockville, MD: SAMHSA; 2018.
  2. Norris FH, Stevens SP, Pfefferbaum B, Wyche KF, Pfefferbaum RL. Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness. American Journal of Community Psychology. 2008;41(1-2):127-150. doi:10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6
  3. Aldrich DP, Meyer MA. Social Capital and Community Resilience. American Behavioral Scientist. 2015;59(2):254-269. doi:10.1177/0002764214550299
  4. Wind TR, Komproe IH. The mechanisms that associate community social capital with post-disaster mental health: a multilevel model. Social Science & Medicine. 2012;75(9):1715-1720. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.06.032
Environmental justice and equity
  1. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Disaster Technical Assistance Center Supplemental Research Bulletin: First Responders – Behavioral Health Concerns, Emergency Response, and Trauma. Rockville, MD: SAMHSA; 2018.
  2. Norris FH, Stevens SP, Pfefferbaum B, Wyche KF, Pfefferbaum RL. Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness. American Journal of Community Psychology. 2008;41(1-2):127-150. doi:10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6
  3. Aldrich DP, Meyer MA. Social Capital and Community Resilience. American Behavioral Scientist. 2015;59(2):254-269. doi:10.1177/0002764214550299
  4. Wind TR, Komproe IH. The mechanisms that associate community social capital with post-disaster mental health: a multilevel model. Social Science & Medicine. 2012;75(9):1715-1720. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.06.032
Evidence-based treatments
  1. Bisson JI, Roberts NP, Andrew M, Cooper R, Lewis C. Psychological therapies for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013;(12):CD003388. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4
  2. Cuijpers P, Karyotaki E, Ciharova M, et al. The effects of psychotherapies for depression on response, remission, reliable change, and deterioration: A meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2021;144(3):288-299. doi:10.1111/acps.13335
  3. Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Salanti G, et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet. 2018;391(10128):1357-1366. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32802-7
  4. Hayes SC, Luoma JB, Bond FW, Masuda A, Lillis J. Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2006;44(1):1-25. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006
Vulnerable populations: Children and youth
  1. Lai BS, La Greca AM, Auslander BA, Short MB. Children’s Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress and Depression After a Natural Disaster: Comorbidity and Risk Factors. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;146(1):71-78. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.08.041
  2. Vergunst F, Berry HL. Climate change and children’s mental health: a developmental perspective. Clinical Psychological Science. 2022;10(5):767-785. doi:10.1177/21677026211040788
Professional organizations and resources
  1. Climate Psychiatry Alliance. Climate-Aware Therapy Resources. Available at: https://www.climatepsychiatry.org
  2. National Child Traumatic Stress Network. Psychological First Aid Online Training. Available at: https://www.nctsn.org/resources/pfa
  3. Watts N, Amann M, Arnell N, et al. The 2020 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: responding to converging crises. The Lancet. 2021;397(10269):129-170. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32290-X
Clinical screening tools
  1. Foa EB, Asnaani A, Zang Y, Capaldi S, Yeh R. Psychometrics of the Child PTSD Symptom Scale for DSM-5 for Trauma-Exposed Children and Adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology. 2018;47(1):38-46. doi:10.1080/15374416.2017.1350962
  2. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2001;16(9):606-613. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
  3. Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Löwe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2006;166(10):1092-1097. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092

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